[ noun ] a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite) <noun.substance>
Selenium \Se*le"ni*um\, n. [NL., from Gr. selh`nh the moon. So called because of its chemical analogy to tellurium (from L. tellus the earth), being, as it were, a companion to it.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic element of the sulphur group of atomic number 34, analogous to sulphur in its compounds. It is found in small quantities with sulphur and some sulphur ores, and obtained in the free state as a dark reddish powder or crystalline mass, or as a dark metallic-looking substance. It exhibits under the action of light a remarkable variation in electric conductivity, and is used in certain electric apparatus. Symbol Se. Atomic weight 78.96.
Dr. Jean Pennington, a nutritionist for the Food and Drug Administration, told the Bee that she doubts people are getting unsafe levels of selenium if they eat an average diet.
"It appears to be connected with high concentrations of selenium, mercury and other toxic elements in agricultural runoff and drainage from mines and power plants," he said.
The crew was melting and resolidifying small samples of indium and selenium in the furnace to see how they react in weightlessness.
Its process uses selenium, produced mainly as a by-product of electrolytic copper refining.
Toxic concentrations of selenium also taint the home-grown food and drinking water of hundreds, perhaps thousands, of farm and ranch families in several Western states, The Sacramento Bee reported Sunday.
Earlier Friday, the astronauts worked with a 128-pound metals-processing furnace the size of a small microwave oven. Samples of indium and selenium were melted and resolidified in the furnace to see how they react in weightlessness.
Participants must have no history of kidney or liver problems, as very large doses of selenium have been found to cause liver problems.
Getting the last few atoms of selenium out of drinking water may cost as much as all the prior benefits.
Population studies in the U.S., especially in the Northeast, suggest that people with low selenium in their diets have higher rates of colon, breast and prostate cancer.