【医】 硝酸钠

Niter \Ni"ter\, Nitre \Ni"tre\, n. [F. nitre, L. nitrum native
soda, natron, Gr. ?; cf. Ar. nit[=u]n, natr[=u]n natron. Cf.
{Natron}.]
1. (Chem.) A white crystalline semitransparent salt;
potassium nitrate; saltpeter. See {Saltpeter}.

2. (Chem.) Native sodium carbonate; natron. [Obs.]

For though thou wash thee with niter, and take thee
much soap, yet thine iniquity is marked before me.
--Jer. ii. 22.

{Cubic niter}, a deliquescent salt, sodium nitrate, found as
a native incrustation, like niter, in Peru and Chile,
whence it is known also as {Chile saltpeter}.

{Niter bush} (Bot.), a genus ({Nitraria}) of thorny shrubs
bearing edible berries, and growing in the saline plains
of Asia and Northern Africa.

Saltpeter \Salt`pe"ter\, Saltpetre \Salt`pe"tre\,, n. [F.
salp[^e]tre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone
salt; so called because it exudes from rocks or walls. See
{Salt}, and {Petrify}.] (Chem.)
Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance,
{KNO3}, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching
from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of
nitrification (see {Nitrification}, 2). It is a strong
oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also
used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a
diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.

{Chili salpeter} (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from
potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline
substance, {NaNO3}, having a cooling, saline, slightly
bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the
rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent
and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the
production of nitric acid. Called also {cubic niter}.

{Saltpeter acid} (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called
because made from saltpeter.