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Bar \Bar\ (b[aum]r), n. [OE. barre, F. barre, fr. LL. barra, W.
bar the branch of a tree, bar, baren branch, Gael. & Ir.
barra bar. [root]91.]
1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long in
proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever
and for various other purposes, but especially for a
hindrance, obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a
fence or gate; the bar of a door.

Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood. --Ex. xxvi.
26.

2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so shaped as to
be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness; as, a
bar of gold or of lead; a bar of soap.

3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents; an
obstruction; a barrier.

Must I new bars to my own joy create? --Dryden.

4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at the mouth
of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.

5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or hall of
assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having
special privileges; as, the bar of the House of Commons.

6. (Law)
(a) The railing that incloses the place which counsel
occupy in courts of justice. Hence, the phrase at the
bar of the court signifies in open court.
(b) The place in court where prisoners are stationed for
arraignment, trial, or sentence.
(c) The whole body of lawyers licensed in a court or
district; the legal profession.
(d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer to
plaintiff's action.

7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public opinion; the bar of
God.

8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and food are
passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room behind
the counter where liquors for sale are kept.

9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but narrower, occupying
only one fifth part of the field.

10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a bar of light; a
bar of color.

11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the staff. Bars divide the
staff into spaces which represent measures, and are
themselves called measures.

Note: A double bar marks the end of a strain or main division
of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in
psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The
term bar is very often loosely used for measure, i.e.,
for such length of music, or of silence, as is included
between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight
bars; two bars' rest.

12. (Far.) pl.
(a) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper
jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.
(b) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent
inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side,
and extends into the center of the sole.

13. (Mining)
(a) A drilling or tamping rod.
(b) A vein or dike crossing a lode.

14. (Arch.)
(a) A gatehouse of a castle or fortified town.
(b) A slender strip of wood which divides and supports
the glass of a window; a sash bar.

{Bar shoe} (Far.), a kind of horseshoe having a bar across
the usual opening at the heel, to protect a tender frog
from injury.

{Bar shot}, a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a
ball or half ball at each end; -- formerly used for
destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.

{Bar sinister} (Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used
for baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See {Baton}.

{Bar tracery} (Arch.), ornamental stonework resembling bars
of iron twisted into the forms required.

{Blank bar} (Law). See {Blank}.

{Case at bar} (Law), a case presently before the court; a
case under argument.

{In bar of}, as a sufficient reason against; to prevent.

{Matter in bar}, or {Defence in bar}, any matter which is a
final defense in an action.

{Plea in bar}, a plea which goes to bar or defeat the
plaintiff's action absolutely and entirely.

{Trial at bar} (Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of
one the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum
representing the full court.


Case \Case\, n. [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to
happen. Cf. {Chance}.]
1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]

By aventure, or sort, or cas. --Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an
instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances;
condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a
case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes.

In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge.
--Deut. xxiv.
13.

If the case of the man be so with his wife. --Matt.
xix. 10.

And when a lady's in the case
You know all other things give place. --Gay.

You think this madness but a common case. --Pope.

I am in case to justle a constable, --Shak.

3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of
sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the
history of a disease or injury.

A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases.
--Arbuthnot.

4. (Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a
suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit
or action at law; a cause.

Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing
is law that is not reason. --Sir John
Powell.

Not one case in the reports of our courts. --Steele.

5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of
form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its
relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute
its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun
sustains to some other word.

Case is properly a falling off from the nominative
or first state of word; the name for which, however,
is now, by extension of its signification, applied
also to the nominative. --J. W. Gibbs.

Note: Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case
endings are terminations by which certain cases are
distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had
several cases distinguished by case endings, but in
modern English only that of the possessive case is
retained.

{Action on the case} (Law), according to the old
classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress
of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially
provided against by law, in which the whole cause of
complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also
{trespass on the case}, or simply {case}.

{All a case}, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] ``It is all a
case to me.'' --L'Estrange.

{Case at bar}. See under {Bar}, n.

{Case divinity}, casuistry.

{Case lawyer}, one versed in the reports of cases rather than
in the science of the law.

{Case stated} or {Case agreed on} (Law), a statement in
writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for
a decision of the legal points arising on them.

{A hard case}, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.]


{In any case}, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.


{In case}, or {In case that}, if; supposing that; in the
event or contingency; if it should happen that. ``In case
we are surprised, keep by me.'' --W. Irving.

{In good case}, in good condition, health, or state of body.


{To put a case}, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative
case.

Syn: Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight;
predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.