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 DDI   添加此单词到默认生词本
=Depth Deviation Indicator 深度偏差指示器



    ddi
    [ noun ]
    an antiviral drug used to combat HIV infection
    <noun.artifact>


    1. Recent test-tube studies indicate that these mutant viruses respond to DDI.
    2. DDI has shown promise in clinical studies, but questions remain about what standards the FDA will use to judge its effectiveness.
    3. Scientists say DDI is less toxic and better tolerated by patients than is AZT.
    4. This is because DDI is a "value-added product" that can be taken by patients intolerant of AZT, he explains.
    5. But dissenting panel members worried that even with the additional data from San Francisco, the case for DDI was too thin and the panel's decision too hasty.
    6. Faithful fans of Mr. Clancy will not be disappointed with Ryan's new incarnation as "DDI," official lingo for deputy director of the CIA for intelligence analysis.
    7. Many of the patients felt better or put on weight while taking DDI.
    8. Bristol began investigating DDI in the summer of 1988, and 13 months later launched simultaneous clinical trials and a huge giveaway program in response to heavy lobbying by AIDS-drug advocates.
    9. A proxy fight arose, management was ousted, and by the late 1970s DDI abandoned its effort to use the substance against rheumatoid arthritis.
    10. They were intended to determine the maximum safe dose that patients can tolerate, not whether the medicine had an effect on their illness. Nevertheless, the researchers found that many of the patients clearly improved while taking DDI for a few weeks.
    11. That study, led by James Kahn of the University of California at San Francisco, looked at 843 long-term AZT users, comparing two doses of DDI against a matched control group taking AZT.
    12. Scientists say one important advantage DDI has compared with AZT is that it is less toxic and better tolerated by patients.
    13. "Obviously we're gratified," said Stephen Carter, vice president for research and development of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., maker of DDI.
    14. Farthest along among new AIDS drugs is DDI, being used experimentally by more than 15,000 people.
    15. They are just happy to be able to give something to their patients." Even if DDI turns out to be no better than AZT, it still may be an alternative drug for some patients.
    16. Yarchoan said the clinical trials of DDI started 47 weeks ago for 26 patients.
    17. The DDI study has become the focus of enormous hope and political activity.
    18. As the phase-one trial has proceeded, DDI has become a rallying point for groups pressing for faster, broader distribution of experimental agents.
    19. UCLA's AIDS Clinical Trials unit is one of 46 research facilities nationwide participating in the study conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to examine the effects of experimental AIDS drugs such as AZT and DDI.
    20. A chemical cousin of AZT, DDI is a nuceoside analog, a false building block of DNA that gets into the virus's genetic material and blocks its replication.
    21. "The crucial thing is that we learn our lesson well, and to make sure other experimental drugs, like Bristol-Myers Co.'s DDI, don't follow the same frustrating course as AZT."
    22. In children, DDI causes improvement in brain function when adequate blood levels of the drug are attained, said Dr. Phil Pizzo of the National Cancer Institute, where the drug's activity was first discovered.
    23. Three of 35 patients on such doses had serious side effects while taking DDI for up to 21 months, the researchers reported.
    24. Costs in issuing new shares ahead of its listing totalled Y1.9bn. For the full year to March, DDI expects the price war against NTT to take its toll on earnings.
    25. A letter campaign is planned urging study volunteers not to abandon the study before weighing DDI's toxicity and slim margin of immunologic improvement.
    26. At the Seventh International Conference on AIDS in Florence, Italy, Ann C. Collier of the University of Washington gave the first public report on a study that combined the drugs AZT and DDI.
    27. They said six of 14 patients receiving DDI for one year showed evidence that the virus lost sensitivity to the drug and began replicating again after about six months of treatment.
    28. DDI is approved in the US as a second-line therapy for Aids patients who are not responding well to AZT and similar approval is expected soon for DDC.
    29. But DDI lacked AZT's ability to penetrate the central nervous system of children.
    30. "We're encouraged by the FDA's responsiveness to community input on DDI," said Timothy Sweeney, who is acting executive director of the Gay Men's Health Crisis, a New York support group.
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