【医】 两眼视差

Parallax \Par"al*lax\, n. [Gr. ? alternation, the mutual
inclination of two lines forming an angle, fr. ? to change a
little, go aside, deviate; para` beside, beyond + ? to
change: cf. F. parallaxe. Cf. {Parallel}.]
1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of
an object, as seen from two different stations, or points
of view.

2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body
(as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the
earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional
point, as the earth's center or the sun.

3. (Astron.) The annual parallax. See {annual parallax},
below.
[PJC]

{Annual parallax}, the greatest value of the heliocentric
parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place
of a body as seen from the earth and sun; it is equivalent
to the parallax of an astronomical object which would be
observed by taking observations of the object at two
different points one astronomical unit (the distance of
the Earth from the sun) apart, if the line joining the two
observing points is perpendicular to the direction to the
observed object; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star.
The distance of an astronomical object from the Earth is
inversely proportional to the annual parallax. A star
which has an annual parallax of one second of an arc is
considered to be one parsec (3.26 light years) distant
from the earth; a star with an annual parallax of
one-hundredth second of an arc is 326 light years distant.
See {parsec} in the vocabulary, and {stellar parallax},
below.

{Binocular parallax}, the apparent difference in position of
an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the
other, the head remaining unmoved.

{Diurnal parallax} or {Geocentric parallax}, the parallax of
a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the
kind of parallax that is generally understood when the
term is used without qualification.

{Heliocentric parallax}, the parallax of a body with
reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body
by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the
heliocentric parallax of a planet.

{Horizontal parallax}, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly
body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the
body by the earth's radius.

{Optical parallax}, the apparent displacement in position
undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly.
--Brande & C.

{Parallax of the cross wires} (of an optical instrument),
their apparent displacement when the eye changes its
position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus
of the object glass.

{Stellar parallax}, the annual parallax of a fixed star.

Optic \Op"tic\ ([o^]p"t[i^]k), Optical \Op"tic*al\
([o^]p"t[i^]*kal), a. [F. optique, Gr. 'optiko`s; akin to
'o`psis sight, 'o`pwpa I have seen, 'o`psomai I shall see,
and to 'o`sse the two eyes, 'o`ps face, L. oculus eye. See
{Ocular}, {Eye}, and cf. {Canopy}, {Ophthalmia}.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or using vision or sight; as, optical
illusions. [WordNet sense 2]

Syn: ocular, optic, visual.
[1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]

The moon, whose orb
Through optic glass the Tuscan artist views.
--Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves
(the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed
to the retina; the optic (or optical) axis of the eye. See
Illust. of {Brain}, and {Eye}. [WordNet sense 3]

3. Relating to the science of optics or to devices designed
to assist vision; as, optical works; optical equipment.
[WordNet sense 1]
[1913 Webster +PJC]

{Optic angle} (Opt.), the angle included between the optic
axes of the two eyes when directed to the same point; --
sometimes called {binocular parallax}.

{Optic axis}. (Opt.)
(a) A line drawn through the center of the eye
perpendicular to its anterior and posterior surfaces.
In a normal eye it is in the direction of the optic
axis that objects are most distinctly seen.
(b) The line in a doubly refracting crystal, in the
direction of which no double refraction occurs. A
uniaxial crystal has one such line, a biaxial crystal
has two.

{Optical circle} (Opt.), a graduated circle used for the
measurement of angles in optical experiments.

{Optical square}, a surveyor's instrument with reflectors for
laying off right angles.