苎麻

[ noun ]
tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
<noun.plant>

Grass \Grass\, n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, gr[ae]s, g[ae]rs;
akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras,
Dan. gr[ae]s, Sw. gr[aum]s, and prob. to E. green, grow. Cf.
{Graze}.]
1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food
of cattle and other beasts; pasture.

2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem
generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in
pairs, and the seed single.

Note: This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley,
etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which
are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses
form a numerous family of plants.

3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]

Two years old next grass. --Latham.

4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.

Surely the people is grass. --Is. xl. 7.

Note: The following list includes most of the grasses of the
United States of special interest, except cereals. Many
of these terms will be found with definitions in the
Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix. Barnyard
grass, for hay. South. {Panicum Grus-galli}. Bent,
pasture and hay. {Agrostis}, several species. Bermuda
grass, pasture. South. {Cynodon Dactylon}. Black bent.
Same as {Switch grass} (below). Blue bent, hay. North
and West. {Andropogon provincialis}. Blue grass,
pasture. {Poa compressa}. Blue joint, hay. Northwest.
{Aqropyrum glaucum}. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky
Mts., etc.
(a) {Buchlo["e] dectyloides}.
(b) Same as {Grama grass} (below). Bunch grass, grazing.
Far West. {Eriocoma}, {Festuca}, {Stips}, etc. Chess,
or Cheat, a weed. {Bromus secalinus}, etc. Couch
grass. Same as {Quick grass} (below). Crab grass,
(a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. {Panicum sanguinale}.
(b) Pasture and hay. South. {Eleusine Indica}. Darnel
(a) Bearded, a noxious weed. {Lolium temulentum}.
(b) Common. Same as {Rye grass} (below). Drop seed, fair
for forage and hay. {Muhlenbergia}, several species.
English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow
grass.
(a) Pasture and hay. {Poa serotina}.
(b) Hay, on moist land. {Gryceria nervata}. Gama grass,
cut fodder. South. {Tripsacum dactyloides}. Grama
grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. {Bouteloua
oligostachya}, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and
hay. Far West. {Festuca scabrella}. Guinea grass, hay.
South. {Panicum jumentorum}. Herd's grass, in New
England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop.
Indian grass. Same as {Wood grass} (below). Italian
rye grass, forage and hay. {Lolium Italicum}. Johnson
grass, grazing and hay. South and Southwest. {Sorghum
Halepense}. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. {Poa
pratensis}. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. {Elymus},
several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay.
{Glyceria}, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture
and hay. {Festuca elatior}. Meadow foxtail, pasture,
hay, lawn. North. {Alopecurus pratensis}. Meadow
grass, pasture, hay, lawn. {Poa}, several species.
Mesquite grass, or Muskit grass. Same as {Grama grass}
(above). Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed.
{Muhlenbergia diffsa}. Orchard grass, pasture and hay.
{Dactylis glomerata}. Porcupine grass, troublesome to
sheep. Northwest. {Stipa spartea}. Quaking grass,
ornamental. {Briza media} and {maxima}. Quitch, or
Quick, grass, etc., a weed. {Agropyrum repens}. Ray
grass. Same as {Rye grass} (below). Redtop, pasture
and hay. {Agrostis vulgaris}. Red-topped buffalo
grass, forage. Northwest. {Poa tenuifolia}. Reed
canary grass, of slight value. {Phalaris arundinacea}.
Reed meadow grass, hay. North. {Glyceria aquatica}.
Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of {Reed canary
grass}. Rye grass, pasture, hay. {Lolium perenne},
var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North.
{Hierochloa borealis}. Sesame grass. Same as {Gama
grass} (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native
in Northern Europe and Asia. {Festuca ovina}. Small
reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. {Deyeuxia
Canadensis}. Spear grass, Same as {Meadow grass}
(above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals.
Seacoast and Northwest. {Hordeum jubatum}. Switch
grass, hay, cut young. {Panicum virgatum}. Timothy,
cut young, the best of hay. North. {Phleum pratense}.
Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. {Holcus
lanatus}. Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn.
{Anthoxanthum odoratum}. Wire grass, valuable in
pastures. {Poa compressa}. Wood grass, Indian grass,
hay. {Chrysopogon nutans}.

Note: Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not
true grasses botanically considered, such as black
grass, goose grass, star grass, etc.

{Black grass}, a kind of small rush ({Juncus Gerardi}),
growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay.

{Grass of the Andes}, an oat grass, the {Arrhenatherum
avenaceum} of Europe.

{Grass of Parnassus}, a plant of the genus {Parnassia}
growing in wet ground. The European species is {Parnassia
palustris}; in the United States there are several
species.

{Grass bass} (Zo["o]l.), the calico bass.

{Grass bird}, the dunlin.

{Grass cloth}, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the
grass-cloth plant.

{Grass-cloth plant}, a perennial herb of the Nettle family
({B[oe]hmeria nivea} syn. {Urtica nivea}), which grows in
Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and
strong fibers suited for textile purposes.

{Grass finch}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A common American sparrow ({Po["o]c[ae]tes
gramineus}); -- called also {vesper sparrow} and
{bay-winged bunting}.
(b) Any Australian finch, of the genus {Po["e]phila}, of
which several species are known.

{Grass lamb}, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land
and giving rich milk.

{Grass land}, land kept in grass and not tilled.

{Grass moth} (Zo["o]l.), one of many small moths of the genus
{Crambus}, found in grass.

{Grass oil}, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in
India from grasses of the genus {Andropogon}, etc.; --
used in perfumery under the name of {citronella}, {ginger
grass oil}, {lemon grass oil}, {essence of verbena} etc.


{Grass owl} (Zo["o]l.), a South African owl ({Strix
Capensis}).

{Grass parrakeet} (Zo["o]l.), any of several species of
Australian parrots, of the genus {Euphemia}; -- also
applied to the zebra parrakeet.

{Grass plover} (Zo["o]l.), the upland or field plover.

{Grass poly} (Bot.), a species of willowwort ({Lythrum
Hyssopifolia}). --Johnson.

{Crass quit} (Zo["o]l.), one of several tropical American
finches of the genus {Euetheia}. The males have most of
the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.

{Grass snake}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The common English, or ringed, snake ({Tropidonotus
natrix}).
(b) The common green snake of the Northern United States.
See {Green snake}, under {Green}.

{Grass snipe} (Zo["o]l.), the pectoral sandpiper ({Tringa
maculata}); -- called also {jacksnipe} in America.

{Grass spider} (Zo["o]l.), a common spider ({Agelena
n[ae]via}), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous
when covered with dew.

{Grass sponge} (Zo["o]l.), an inferior kind of commercial
sponge from Florida and the Bahamas.

{Grass table}. (Arch.) See {Earth table}, under {Earth}.

{Grass vetch} (Bot.), a vetch ({Lathyrus Nissolia}), with
narrow grasslike leaves.

{Grass widow}. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G.
strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gr["a]senka a grass widow.]
(a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.]
(b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or
prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her
husband. [Slang.]

{Grass wrack} (Bot.) eelgrass.

{To bring to grass} (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the
surface of the ground.

{To put to grass}, {To put out to grass}, to put out to graze
a season, as cattle.


Ramie \Ram"ie\ (r[a^]m"[-e]), n. [From Malay.] (Bot.)
The grasscloth plant ({B[oe]hmeria nivea}); also, its fiber,
which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also
{China grass}, and {rhea}. See {Grass-cloth plant}, under
{Grass}.